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Educational Material

Wound healing
Acute or traumatic wounds may heal spontaneously without scarring. However, in cases where there is a breakdown of the epidermal junction resulting in a contused wound, the healing process occurs in three stages: debridement, granulation and epithelialisation.
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Moist wound healing

Over the last 40 years, the moist wound therapy concept has been a major advance in wound treatment. Chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers pose particular treatment challenges, and a moist wound healing environment can contribute significantly to meeting this challenge. Reduced healing times for diabetic foot ulcers lower the cost of management and the risk of further complications such as amputation. Sharman’s review article, entitled ‘Moist wound healing: a review of evidence, application and outcome‘, explores some of the theories surrounding the altered mechanism of healing in people with diabetes. Existing and new dressings that provide a moist wound environment, factors to consider when selecting an appropriate dressing for diabetic foot wounds, and the importance of evidence-based medicine in the management of the diabetic foot are discussed.
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Malodorous wounds
Foul-smelling exuding chronic wounds can be devastating for patients and their families. The constant presence of a putrid odour can cause the patient profound embarrassment, social isolation and affect personal relationships. Infection is the primary cause of malodour. Nevertheless, a holistic assessment should be made that includes both the physical causes and psychological effects. Involving the patient in this process, and in the generation of a care plan, is more likely to result in concordance and therefore a positive outcome.
Hack A. Malodorous wounds - taking the patient's perspective into account. Journal of Wound Care 2003;12:319-21.

Chronic wound exudate
In a study by Bucalo, Eaglestein and Falanga chronic wound exudate was shown to inhibit the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and failed to stimulate the proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells and keratinocytes. These results allowed them to conclude that chronic wound exudate from chronic non-healing wounds may inhibit cellular processes. Furthermore, better results with occlusion may be obtained should some component of chronic wound exudate be removed. This is perhaps why many chronic wounds in which wound fluid is trapped against the wound bed by more traditional dressings fail to heal or
heal slowly.
Bucalo B, Eaglestein WH, Falanga V. Inhibition of cell proliferation by chronic wound fluid. Wound Rep Reg 1993;1:181-186

Diabetic foot
This educational presentation discusses the differences between neuropathic, neuroischaemic and ischaemic diabetic foot disease, their complications and the treatment options.
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